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The general principle has been again & again referred to. Morality is the
act of maximizing happiness, it is the Codes of Laws by which that
is suggested whose result will have been the whole of human existence being taken
into account leave the greatest quantity of probity
Now the greatest quantity of probity must depend on the means
or sources, or instruments by which the causes of happiness produced & of the
causes of unhappiness avoided
In so far as these causes increase of happiness are to man &
or under the influence of his will — they the use of his conduct for the producer of happiness that conduct may be designated by one word, virtue — in
so far as they be are they under similar circumstances they lead to conduct
operating a result of unhappiness, that conduct is designated by a word of an opposite operation
namely vice.
Thus nothing that is called value is contrasted to the name
unless — & insofar as, it is contributory to happiness — the happiness of the agent himself — or
of some other being. And nothing that is called vice is properly designated unless & insofar as
it is productive of unhappiness
Now every person being for his own happiness, principally
dependent on his own conduct, — his conduct towards himself & his conduct towards
others in all those relations in which he experiences any influences upon their happiness
it remains to give this theory of morals its practical value by applying it to the
circumstances of use and this by him an action into the two classes so often provoked at — the two grand of prudence & benevolence
the sources of happiness on physical or intellectual, — if
as with the physical sources that the moralist has principally to do. The
alteration of the mind, — the creation of pleasures how the purely mental demands a
to another of construction
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