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'' | <head><!-- in pencil -->Judic. Estab. Informers Pro.</head> | ||
<head>1</head> | |||
<p>Necessity of adequate<lb/> | |||
inducement<lb/> | |||
with respect to the<lb/> | |||
assumption of these<lb/> | |||
functions. p. 1</p> | |||
<head>2</head> | |||
<p>And of removing<lb/> | |||
or surmounting<lb/> | |||
discouragements.<lb/> | |||
p. 1</p> | |||
<head>3</head> | |||
<p>Discouragement<lb/> | |||
applying to the<lb/> | |||
function of <hi rend='underline'>informer</hi> —<lb/> | |||
1 <hi rend='underline'>enmity</hi><lb/> | |||
and 2. <hi rend='underline'>odium</hi> <del><gap/></del></p> | |||
<head>4</head> | |||
<p>3. and obligation<lb/> | |||
to prosecute. p. 2</p> | |||
<head>5</head> | |||
<p>Remedy against<lb/> | |||
enmity — <hi rend='underline'>secrecy</hi>.<lb/> | |||
p. 3</p> | |||
<head>6</head> | |||
<p>Objections against<lb/> | |||
secrecy groundless.<lb/> | |||
1. No harm in<lb/> | |||
secrecy thus qualified.<lb/> | |||
p. 3.</p> | |||
<head>7</head> | |||
<p>2 No good in divulgation.<lb/> | |||
p. 3</p> | |||
<head>8</head> | |||
<p>3. If a false witness<lb/> | |||
was informer, he<lb/> | |||
will be responsible in<lb/> | |||
quality of witness. p. 3.</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>9</head> | |||
<p>Divulgation can<lb/> | |||
be of no use but<lb/> | |||
for the purpose<lb/> | |||
of responsibility.<lb/> | |||
p. 4.</p> | |||
<head>10</head> | |||
<p>How far the prejudice<lb/> | |||
against<lb/> | |||
secret accusation<lb/> | |||
is founded on<lb/> | |||
justice. p. 5</p> | |||
<head>11</head> | |||
<p>It has for its authors<lb/> | |||
delinquents<lb/> | |||
at all times, and<lb/> | |||
under a tyranny<lb/> | |||
men in general<lb/> | |||
p. 5</p> | |||
<head>12</head> | |||
<p>To determine whether<lb/> | |||
disclosure<lb/> | |||
shall take place<lb/> | |||
ought to belong<lb/> | |||
not to the Pursuer-General<lb/> | |||
but the<lb/> | |||
Judge. p. 6.</p> | |||
<head>13</head> | |||
<p><sic>Secresy</sic> a remedy<lb/> | |||
also against the<lb/> | |||
<hi rend='underline'>odium</hi>. p. 7.</p> | |||
<head>14</head> | |||
<p>2. Another remedy<lb/> | |||
against the odium —<lb/> | |||
legislative declaration<lb/> | |||
of its injustice<lb/> | |||
and of<lb/> | |||
the respect due to<lb/> | |||
informers. p. 7.</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>15</head> | |||
<p>Novelty of this<lb/> | |||
expedient. p. 7.</p> | |||
<head>15 (b)</head> | |||
<p>Affair of the<lb/> | |||
Agasse's an instance<lb/> | |||
where this<lb/> | |||
prejudice has<lb/> | |||
been successfully<lb/> | |||
combated in France.<lb/> | |||
p. 8.</p> | |||
<head>15 (a)</head> | |||
<p>A fine example<lb/> | |||
in the preambles<lb/> | |||
to the French<lb/> | |||
Edicts.</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>16</head> | |||
<p>Dissuasives that<lb/> | |||
apply to the<lb/> | |||
function of<lb/> | |||
prosecutor.<lb/> | |||
1. Trouble.<lb/> | |||
2. <sic>Expence</sic>.</p> | |||
<head>17</head> | |||
<p>Remedy against<lb/> | |||
the trouble — simplification<lb/> | |||
of<lb/> | |||
the law of procedure.<lb/> | |||
p. 9.</p> | |||
<head>18</head> | |||
<p>2. Against the<lb/> | |||
<sic>expence</sic> — <sic>disburthening</sic><lb/> | |||
the<lb/> | |||
prosecutor of it<lb/> | |||
<del><gap/></del> . 9.</p> | |||
<head>19</head> | |||
<p>1. By striking<lb/> | |||
off factitious <sic>expences</sic>.<lb/> | |||
p. 11</p> | |||
<head>20</head> | |||
<p>The discouragement<lb/> | |||
applied by<lb/> | |||
such factitious<lb/> | |||
<sic>expences</sic> is much<lb/> | |||
more than a reward<lb/> | |||
to that amount<lb/> | |||
is able<lb/> | |||
to counterbalance.<lb/> | |||
p.11</p> | |||
<head>21</head> | |||
<p>2. Reducing the<lb/> | |||
natural measure<lb/> | |||
to such part as<lb/> | |||
is unavoidable.<lb/> | |||
p. 12</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>22</head> | |||
<p>3. Indemnifying<lb/> | |||
the prosecutor against<lb/> | |||
what remains after<lb/> | |||
these deductions. p. 12</p> | |||
<head>23</head> | |||
<p>Indemnification<lb/> | |||
not <sic>compleat</sic> unless<lb/> | |||
it embraces lots of<lb/> | |||
time, yet it cannot<lb/> | |||
be carried so<lb/> | |||
far: why — p. 13</p> | |||
<head>24</head> | |||
<p>Indemnification proffered<lb/> | |||
at the <sic>expence</sic><lb/> | |||
of the delinquent<lb/> | |||
<del>if convicted</del> in case<lb/> | |||
of conviction, under<lb/> | |||
the name of <hi rend='underline'>costs</hi><lb/> | |||
is not adequate. p. 14</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head><!-- in pencil -->Judic. <gap/></head> | |||
<head>25</head> | |||
<p>Another negative<lb/> | |||
encouragement<lb/> | |||
is the forbearing<lb/> | |||
either to <sic>compell</sic><lb/> | |||
or forbid an informer<lb/> | |||
<del>fro</del> to turn<lb/> | |||
prosecutor. p. 15.</p> | |||
<head>26</head> | |||
<p>Advantages of<lb/> | |||
dissolving this<lb/> | |||
forced conjunction<lb/> | |||
p. 17.</p> | |||
<head>27</head> | |||
<p>1. Frugality in<lb/> | |||
respect of the quantum<lb/> | |||
of the reward.<lb/> | |||
p. 17.</p> | |||
<head>28</head> | |||
<p>2. Lessening the<lb/> | |||
temptation to perjury.<lb/> | |||
p. 17.</p> | |||
<head>29.</head> | |||
<p>3. Lessening the<lb/> | |||
objection to the<lb/> | |||
credit of a witness.<lb/> | |||
p. 17.</p> | |||
<head>30</head> | |||
<p>4 Saving the law<lb/> | |||
from being ineffectual<lb/> | |||
in the<lb/> | |||
cases where the<lb/> | |||
substance of the<lb/> | |||
defendant is known<lb/> | |||
to be unable to afford<lb/> | |||
a reward. p. 18</p> | |||
<head>31.</head> | |||
<p>The public can<lb/> | |||
afford to prosecute<lb/> | |||
in all cases. p. 18.</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>32</head> | |||
<p>Many would inform<lb/> | |||
who, if on<lb/> | |||
informing they were<lb/> | |||
obliged to prosecute<lb/> | |||
would do neither.<lb/> | |||
p. 19.</p> | |||
<head>33</head> | |||
<p>5. Saving the defendant<lb/> | |||
from a<lb/> | |||
<sic>burthen</sic> greater<lb/> | |||
than is necessary<lb/> | |||
p. 19.</p> | |||
<head>34</head> | |||
<p>English Law —<lb/> | |||
<add>weakness it contracts</add> inconveniences it<lb/> | |||
is productive of<lb/> | |||
by compelling this<lb/> | |||
conjunction in some<lb/> | |||
instances and<lb/> | |||
forbidding it in others.<lb/> | |||
p. 20.</p> | |||
<head>34 (a)</head> | |||
<p>Examples — Informers<lb/> | |||
in felony bound<lb/> | |||
over to prosecute.<lb/> | |||
p. 21.</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>35</head> | |||
<p>Dissuasions removed,<lb/> | |||
the less<lb/> | |||
reward will be necessary.<lb/> | |||
p. 23.</p> | |||
<head>36</head> | |||
<p>Positive encouragement<lb/> | |||
of an honorary<lb/> | |||
nature — different<lb/> | |||
modes of<lb/> | |||
applying it. p. 25.</p> | |||
<head>37.</head> | |||
<p>1. Declaration of merit<lb/> | |||
on the face of<lb/> | |||
the law itself. p. 25</p> | |||
<head>38</head> | |||
<p>2. by the Judge<lb/> | |||
in each individual<lb/> | |||
instance. p. 25.</p> | |||
<head>39.</head> | |||
<p>3. Seat in Courts<lb/> | |||
of Justice. p. 26.</p> | |||
<head>40</head> | |||
<p>4. Honorary medallions.<lb/> | |||
p. 26.</p> | |||
<head>41</head> | |||
<p>5. In some cases<lb/> | |||
pecuniary reward<lb/> | |||
added or substituted<lb/> | |||
to the above honorary<lb/> | |||
ones according<lb/> | |||
to circumstances.<lb/> | |||
p. 26.</p> | |||
<head>39 (a)</head> | |||
<p>Greek <foreign>Προεδρια</foreign>.<!-- i.e. presidency --></p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<head>42</head> | |||
<p>Condition necessary<lb/> | |||
to the efficacy<lb/> | |||
of honorary<lb/> | |||
rewards in such<lb/> | |||
a case is that<lb/> | |||
the laws should<lb/> | |||
not be notoriously<lb/> | |||
unfit to be counted.<lb/> | |||
p. 27.</p> | |||
<head>43</head> | |||
<p>How reward itself<lb/> | |||
may operate<lb/> | |||
as a discouragement.<lb/> | |||
p. 32.</p> | |||
<head>44.</head> | |||
<p>Witnesses<lb/> | |||
What concerns the<lb/> | |||
means to be taken<lb/> | |||
for procuring<lb/> | |||
belongs not to the<lb/> | |||
present subject<lb/> | |||
but to that of procedure.<lb/> | |||
p. 33.</p> | |||
<!-- DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> | <!-- DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> | ||
{{Metadata:{{PAGENAME}}}} | {{Metadata:{{PAGENAME}}}}{{Completed}} |
Judic. Estab. Informers Pro.
1
Necessity of adequate
inducement
with respect to the
assumption of these
functions. p. 1
2
And of removing
or surmounting
discouragements.
p. 1
3
Discouragement
applying to the
function of informer —
1 enmity
and 2. odium
4
3. and obligation
to prosecute. p. 2
5
Remedy against
enmity — secrecy.
p. 3
6
Objections against
secrecy groundless.
1. No harm in
secrecy thus qualified.
p. 3.
7
2 No good in divulgation.
p. 3
8
3. If a false witness
was informer, he
will be responsible in
quality of witness. p. 3.
---page break---
9
Divulgation can
be of no use but
for the purpose
of responsibility.
p. 4.
10
How far the prejudice
against
secret accusation
is founded on
justice. p. 5
11
It has for its authors
delinquents
at all times, and
under a tyranny
men in general
p. 5
12
To determine whether
disclosure
shall take place
ought to belong
not to the Pursuer-General
but the
Judge. p. 6.
13
Secresy a remedy
also against the
odium. p. 7.
14
2. Another remedy
against the odium —
legislative declaration
of its injustice
and of
the respect due to
informers. p. 7.
---page break---
15
Novelty of this
expedient. p. 7.
15 (b)
Affair of the
Agasse's an instance
where this
prejudice has
been successfully
combated in France.
p. 8.
15 (a)
A fine example
in the preambles
to the French
Edicts.
---page break---
16
Dissuasives that
apply to the
function of
prosecutor.
1. Trouble.
2. Expence.
17
Remedy against
the trouble — simplification
of
the law of procedure.
p. 9.
18
2. Against the
expence — disburthening
the
prosecutor of it
. 9.
19
1. By striking
off factitious expences.
p. 11
20
The discouragement
applied by
such factitious
expences is much
more than a reward
to that amount
is able
to counterbalance.
p.11
21
2. Reducing the
natural measure
to such part as
is unavoidable.
p. 12
---page break---
22
3. Indemnifying
the prosecutor against
what remains after
these deductions. p. 12
23
Indemnification
not compleat unless
it embraces lots of
time, yet it cannot
be carried so
far: why — p. 13
24
Indemnification proffered
at the expence
of the delinquent
if convicted in case
of conviction, under
the name of costs
is not adequate. p. 14
---page break---
Judic.
25
Another negative
encouragement
is the forbearing
either to compell
or forbid an informer
fro to turn
prosecutor. p. 15.
26
Advantages of
dissolving this
forced conjunction
p. 17.
27
1. Frugality in
respect of the quantum
of the reward.
p. 17.
28
2. Lessening the
temptation to perjury.
p. 17.
29.
3. Lessening the
objection to the
credit of a witness.
p. 17.
30
4 Saving the law
from being ineffectual
in the
cases where the
substance of the
defendant is known
to be unable to afford
a reward. p. 18
31.
The public can
afford to prosecute
in all cases. p. 18.
---page break---
32
Many would inform
who, if on
informing they were
obliged to prosecute
would do neither.
p. 19.
33
5. Saving the defendant
from a
burthen greater
than is necessary
p. 19.
34
English Law —
weakness it contracts inconveniences it
is productive of
by compelling this
conjunction in some
instances and
forbidding it in others.
p. 20.
34 (a)
Examples — Informers
in felony bound
over to prosecute.
p. 21.
---page break---
35
Dissuasions removed,
the less
reward will be necessary.
p. 23.
36
Positive encouragement
of an honorary
nature — different
modes of
applying it. p. 25.
37.
1. Declaration of merit
on the face of
the law itself. p. 25
38
2. by the Judge
in each individual
instance. p. 25.
39.
3. Seat in Courts
of Justice. p. 26.
40
4. Honorary medallions.
p. 26.
41
5. In some cases
pecuniary reward
added or substituted
to the above honorary
ones according
to circumstances.
p. 26.
39 (a)
Greek Προεδρια.
---page break---
42
Condition necessary
to the efficacy
of honorary
rewards in such
a case is that
the laws should
not be notoriously
unfit to be counted.
p. 27.
43
How reward itself
may operate
as a discouragement.
p. 32.
44.
Witnesses
What concerns the
means to be taken
for procuring
belongs not to the
present subject
but to that of procedure.
p. 33.
Identifier: | JB/051/053/002"JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 51. |
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1-15, 15b, 15a, 16-34, 34a, 35-41, 39a, 42-44 |
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051 |
evidence; procedure code |
||
053 |
judic. estab. informers procedure |
||
002 |
|||
marginal summary sheet |
4 |
||
recto |
|||
jeremy bentham |
[[watermarks::l munn [britannia with shield emblem]]] |
||
benjamin constant |
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16218 |
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