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or boiling which<lb/> | <p>or boiling which<lb/> | ||
from Townsend?<lb/> | from Townsend?<lb/> | ||
certainly baking cheapest - Boiling heats a great | certainly baking cheapest - Boiling heats a great superfluity of water. No use converting any of it into steam.<lb/></p> | ||
If the water <lb/> | <p>First suppose <lb/> | ||
every part of the <lb/> | |||
process to be <lb/> | |||
conducted by <lb/> | |||
hand - and <lb/> | |||
then, wherever <lb/> | |||
human judgement <lb/> | |||
can be <lb/> | |||
dispensed with, <lb/> | |||
<del>such</del> contrive to <lb/> | |||
substitute mechanism</p> | |||
<p>Human reason <lb/> | |||
<del>may</del> be dispensed <lb/> | |||
with, wherever <lb/> | |||
certainty can <lb/> | |||
be attained.</p> | |||
<p>—</p> | |||
<p>be made, the <lb/> | |||
more water be <lb/> | |||
raised in a given <lb/> | |||
time - nothing <lb/> | |||
should <lb/> | |||
be left to hazard.</p> | |||
<p>20</p> | |||
<head>Refrigeration</head> | |||
<p>The quicker <lb/> | |||
the air cools <lb/> | |||
the quicker the <lb/> | |||
flashes may <lb/> | |||
succeed one another: <lb/> | |||
therefore <lb/> | |||
the sides should <lb/> | |||
be lined not with <lb/> | |||
the <del>less</del> worst but <lb/> | |||
with the best <lb/> | |||
conductors of <lb/> | |||
heat. <note>Not so: since the cooling will be performed best by splashing</note></p> | |||
<p>the best _ Quere <lb/> | |||
Bends? Rather than <lb/> | |||
joints, 2 tons of straw <lb/> | |||
in one cage.</p></pb> | |||
<p>21</p> | |||
<head>Match</head> | |||
<p>For the Match <lb/> | |||
or Flash-faggot <lb/> | |||
try straws of different <lb/> | |||
bores, and <lb/> | |||
different intervals <lb/> | |||
between the straws <lb/> | |||
to see which is most <lb/> | |||
favourable to the <lb/> | |||
maximum of heat <lb/> | |||
& quickness of ascension.</p> | |||
<p>Much will depend <lb/> | |||
on the <sic>driness</sic> <lb/> | |||
of the Straws. <lb/> | |||
Moisture besides <lb/> | |||
retarding the ascension <lb/> | |||
will diminish <lb/> | |||
the heat.</p> | |||
<p>22</p> | |||
<p>The cocks, though <lb/> | |||
disposed in a <lb/> | |||
arch at least <lb/> | |||
in two semiarches <lb/> | |||
should be all <lb/> | |||
moved at one <lb/> | |||
stroke.</p> | |||
<p>—</p> | |||
<p>23</p> | |||
<head><sic>Fewel</sic></head> | |||
<p>The straws should <lb/> | |||
not be dipped in <lb/> | |||
any thing, as that <lb/> | |||
would only stop <lb/> | |||
the ascension by<lb/> | |||
closing the tube</p> | |||
<p>On this account <lb/> | |||
they should contain <lb/> | |||
no joint: <lb/> | |||
but be cut off between <lb/> | |||
the joints - The <lb/> | |||
longer <del><gap/></del> therefore<lb/> the</p><pb/> | |||
<p>If the water <lb/> | |||
would not rise <lb/> | would not rise <lb/> | ||
- the higher or <lb/> | - the higher or <lb/> | ||
| Line 14: | Line 103: | ||
of the content of the <lb/> | of the content of the <lb/> | ||
inferior part,<lb/> | inferior part,<lb/> | ||
Valves <del>and | Valves <del>and cocks</del> <lb/> | ||
would be of no <lb/> | would be of no <lb/> | ||
use: as the water <lb/> | use: as the water <lb/> | ||
| Line 21: | Line 110: | ||
proportion as <lb/> | proportion as <lb/> | ||
it is drawn off <lb/> | it is drawn off <lb/> | ||
by the | by the <unclear>cocks</unclear> &<lb/> | ||
replaced by the <lb/> | replaced by the <lb/> | ||
air that rushes <lb/> | air that rushes <lb/> | ||
in through them. | in through them.</p> | ||
<p>The use of <lb/> | <p>The use of <lb/> | ||
the cocks is to <lb/> | the cocks is to <lb/> | ||
make the | make the vessel <lb/> | ||
air tight at <lb/> | air tight at <lb/> | ||
the height where <lb/> | the height where <lb/> | ||
| Line 40: | Line 129: | ||
flash.</p> | flash.</p> | ||
But Quere, <lb/> | <p>But Quere, <lb/> | ||
whether there <lb/> | whether there <lb/> | ||
can be any advantage <lb/> | can be any advantage <lb/> | ||
in that? <lb/> | in that? <lb/> | ||
since by having <lb/> | since by having <lb/> | ||
so much more <add>air</add><lb/><pb/> | so much more<lb/> <add>air</add></p> | ||
<p>air below the <lb/> | |||
utmost you can<lb/> | |||
hope for is to <lb/> | |||
replace it with <lb/> | |||
an equal volume <lb/> | |||
of water, and that <lb/> | |||
you have already.<lb/> | |||
On the contrary <lb/> | |||
you can hardly <lb/> | |||
expect to replace<lb/> | |||
with water above <lb/> | |||
half the bulk <lb/> | |||
of air</p> | |||
<head>Mouths Number</head> | |||
<p>The more cocks <lb/> | |||
the quicker the <lb/> | |||
water is drawn <lb/> | |||
of and the <lb/> | |||
quicker may be <lb/> | |||
the succession of <lb/> | |||
flashes, & the <lb/> | |||
more water drawn <lb/> | |||
up within a given<lb/> | |||
time.</p> | |||
<p>A second flash <lb/> | |||
can not be made <lb/> | |||
without letting <lb/> | |||
in the air which <lb/> | |||
drives down the <lb/> | |||
water to the level <lb/> | |||
with the pond<lb/> | |||
unless detained <lb/> | |||
by Valves.</p> | |||
<p> | |||
The use then <lb/> | |||
of valves is to <lb/> | |||
be secure the continuance <lb/> | |||
of so <lb/> | |||
much water as <lb/> | |||
is above them <unclear>I</unclear><lb/> <add>deny</add></p><pb/> | |||
<p>They ought therefore <lb/> | |||
to be on a <lb/> | |||
level with the <lb/> | |||
bottom of the <lb/> | |||
reservoir.</p> | |||
<p>But the <unclear>having</unclear><lb/> | |||
-valves makes <lb/> | |||
legs (tubes) necessary <lb/> | |||
to place <lb/> | |||
them on.</p> | |||
<p>Yes: but those <lb/> | |||
tubes said go <lb/> | |||
but a little way <lb/> | |||
down.</p> | |||
<p>But then the <lb/> | |||
intervals would <lb/> | |||
be considerable &<lb/> | |||
would impede <lb/> | |||
the velocity of <lb/> | |||
the ascension.</p> | |||
<p>24</p> | |||
<head>Match applying</head> | |||
<p>By means of <lb/> | |||
the <hi rend="underline">stand</hi> &<lb/> | |||
<hi rend="underline">ballance</hi> the <lb/> | |||
workman may <lb/> | |||
be at a distance <lb/> | |||
from the burnt <lb/> | |||
air of the flash ||</p> | |||
<p>25</p> | |||
<head>Light</head> | |||
<p>By means of <lb/> | |||
tubes light could <lb/> | |||
be let into the <lb/> | |||
cylinder, sufficient <lb/> | |||
to enable <lb/> | |||
a man to see into <lb/> | |||
it.</p> | |||
<p>24</p> | |||
<p>|| He must always <lb/> | |||
be windward of the <lb/> | |||
gust - Therefore he must <lb/> | |||
have a walk all round <lb/> | |||
or at least half round.</p><pb/> | |||
<p>could the force <lb/> | |||
of the water in <lb/> | |||
rising or falling <lb/> | |||
be employed with <lb/> | |||
advantage in <lb/> | |||
working a pump <lb/> | |||
which should <sic>encrease</sic> <lb/> | |||
the exhaustion <lb/> | |||
and thence <lb/> | |||
the rise of the water <lb/> | |||
still more? <lb/> | |||
Or is not then opposed <lb/> | |||
by the Laws<lb/> | |||
against perpetual <lb/> | |||
motions?</p> | |||
<p>In employing itself <lb/> | |||
into the reservoir <lb/> | |||
could it turn <lb/> | |||
an <unclear>understool</unclear><lb/> | |||
{line diagram}<lb/> | |||
wheel which <lb/> | |||
would do this?</p> | |||
<p>At any rate <lb/> | |||
not a particle of <lb/> | |||
the water ought <lb/> | |||
to fall in waste <lb/> | |||
i:e: without generating <lb/> | |||
some motion <lb/> | |||
that should be <lb/> | |||
applied to use.</p> | |||
<p>26</p> | |||
<head>Valve Star.</head> | |||
<p>Besides the <lb/> | |||
central aperture <lb/> | |||
employ Moser's <lb/> | |||
star to open <lb/> | |||
& close the whole <lb/> | |||
cover</p> | |||
<p>[Line Drawings}</p> | |||
<p>The radii may <lb/> | |||
slide in one another <lb/> | |||
by grease, for <lb/> | |||
air tightness sake</p><pb/> | |||
<!-- DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> | <!-- DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> | ||
{{Metadata:{{PAGENAME}}}} | {{Metadata:{{PAGENAME}}}}{{Completed}} | ||
or boiling which
from Townsend?
certainly baking cheapest - Boiling heats a great superfluity of water. No use converting any of it into steam.
First suppose
every part of the
process to be
conducted by
hand - and
then, wherever
human judgement
can be
dispensed with,
such contrive to
substitute mechanism
Human reason
may be dispensed
with, wherever
certainty can
be attained.
—
be made, the
more water be
raised in a given
time - nothing
should
be left to hazard.
20
Refrigeration
The quicker
the air cools
the quicker the
flashes may
succeed one another:
therefore
the sides should
be lined not with
the less worst but
with the best
conductors of
heat. Not so: since the cooling will be performed best by splashing
the best _ Quere
Bends? Rather than
joints, 2 tons of straw
in one cage.
</pb>
21
Match
For the Match
or Flash-faggot
try straws of different
bores, and
different intervals
between the straws
to see which is most
favourable to the
maximum of heat
& quickness of ascension.
Much will depend
on the driness
of the Straws.
Moisture besides
retarding the ascension
will diminish
the heat.
22
The cocks, though
disposed in a
arch at least
in two semiarches
should be all
moved at one
stroke.
—
23
Fewel
The straws should
not be dipped in
any thing, as that
would only stop
the ascension by
closing the tube
On this account
they should contain
no joint:
but be cut off between
the joints - The
longer therefore
the
---page break---
If the water
would not rise
- the higher or
much the higher
for the smallness
of the content of the
inferior part,
Valves and cocks
would be of no
use: as the water
will not
sink but in
proportion as
it is drawn off
by the cocks &
replaced by the
air that rushes
in through them.
The use of
the cocks is to
make the vessel
air tight at
the height where
they are placed,
whereby the water
may be let
down below them
and so a greater
bulk of air be
subjected to the
flash.
But Quere,
whether there
can be any advantage
in that?
since by having
so much more
air
air below the
utmost you can
hope for is to
replace it with
an equal volume
of water, and that
you have already.
On the contrary
you can hardly
expect to replace
with water above
half the bulk
of air
Mouths Number
The more cocks
the quicker the
water is drawn
of and the
quicker may be
the succession of
flashes, & the
more water drawn
up within a given
time.
A second flash
can not be made
without letting
in the air which
drives down the
water to the level
with the pond
unless detained
by Valves.
The use then
of valves is to
be secure the continuance
of so
much water as
is above them I
deny
---page break---
They ought therefore
to be on a
level with the
bottom of the
reservoir.
But the having
-valves makes
legs (tubes) necessary
to place
them on.
Yes: but those
tubes said go
but a little way
down.
But then the
intervals would
be considerable &
would impede
the velocity of
the ascension.
24
Match applying
By means of
the stand &
ballance the
workman may
be at a distance
from the burnt
air of the flash ||
25
Light
By means of
tubes light could
be let into the
cylinder, sufficient
to enable
a man to see into
it.
24
|| He must always
be windward of the
gust - Therefore he must
have a walk all round
or at least half round.
---page break---
could the force
of the water in
rising or falling
be employed with
advantage in
working a pump
which should encrease
the exhaustion
and thence
the rise of the water
still more?
Or is not then opposed
by the Laws
against perpetual
motions?
In employing itself
into the reservoir
could it turn
an understool
{line diagram}
wheel which
would do this?
At any rate
not a particle of
the water ought
to fall in waste
i:e: without generating
some motion
that should be
applied to use.
26
Valve Star.
Besides the
central aperture
employ Moser's
star to open
& close the whole
cover
[Line Drawings}
The radii may
slide in one another
by grease, for
air tightness sake
---page break---
|
Identifier: | JB/106/011/003"JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 106. |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
1-6, 18-26 |
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|
106 |
|||
|
011 |
flash-pump |
||
|
003 |
|||
|
marginal summary sheet |
2 |
||
|
recto |
|||
|
jeremy bentham |
[[watermarks::l munn [britannia emblem]]] |
||
|
benjamin constant |
|||
|
includes drawings |
34599 |
||
