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<p>Aº 177 ? 1809 Marginal – contented<lb/> | |||
<head>Wrongful Defamation.</head></p> | |||
<p><head>§. 1. Definition.</head></p> | |||
<p>1<lb/> | |||
Unlawful defamation<lb/> | |||
what. p.1.</p> | |||
<p>2<lb/> | |||
Exposition.<lb/> | |||
(a) Lawful cause. See<lb/> | |||
Justification.<lb/> | |||
(b) Concerned see Tit.<lb/> | |||
(Co-offenders)<lb/> | |||
(c) (<hi rend="underline">Disseminating</hi>) a<lb/> | |||
a notion what. p.1.</p> | |||
<p>3<lb/> | |||
2. No matter by what<lb/> | |||
Signs.<lb/> | |||
See (<hi rend="underline">Simp. Falshood</hi>) | |||
(causes). p.1.</p> | |||
<p>4<lb/> | |||
3. Nor how communicated.<lb/> | |||
1. expressly <hi rend="underline">delivered</hi><lb/> | |||
or addressed or not.<lb/> | |||
See (<hi rend="underline">Forgery Utterance</hi>) p.1.</p> | |||
<add>5<lb/> | |||
4. Nor whether spontaneously<lb/> | |||
or responsively. p.2</add> | |||
<p>6<lb/> | |||
5. Nor whether in Language<lb/> | |||
positive or<lb/> | |||
interogative. p.2.</p> | |||
<p>7<lb/> | |||
6. – plain or ironical. p.2.</p> | |||
<p>8<lb/> | |||
– Nor how the party<lb/> | |||
is designated. p.2.</p> | |||
<p>9<lb/> | |||
(d) (<hi rend="underline">Reputation</hi>)<lb/> | |||
1. No matter in what<lb/> | |||
way the notion where<lb/> | |||
prejudicial: viz<lb/> | |||
by tendency to excite<lb/> | |||
aversion or contempt. p.3.</p> | |||
<p>10.<lb/> | |||
Aversion & contempt are<lb/> | |||
producible –<lb/> | |||
1. by showing a man<lb/> | |||
to have merited it<lb/> | |||
2. or actually incurred<lb/> | |||
it. p.3</p> | |||
<p>11<lb/> | |||
For 1. men imitate<lb/> | |||
without reflection.<lb/> | |||
2. Actual aversion or<lb/> | |||
contempt affords presumption<lb/> | |||
of merited d<hi rend="superscript">o.</hi> p.3</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<p><head>§. 1. Definition.</head></p> | |||
<p>12.<lb/> | |||
Grounds of aversion or<lb/> | |||
contempt are<lb/> | |||
1. Disreputable <hi rend="underline">acts</hi> or<lb/> | |||
<hi rend="underline">habits</hi>.<lb/> | |||
2. Disreputable <hi rend="underline">qualities</hi>.<lb/> | |||
3. Infirmities. p.3.</p> | |||
<p>13.<lb/> | |||
Disreputable acts or<lb/> | |||
practices are,<lb/> | |||
1. legally punishable<lb/> | |||
2. legally unpunishable. p.4.</p> | |||
<p>14<lb/> | |||
Legally punishable<lb/> | |||
are | |||
1. First rate crimes<lb/> | |||
2. Second rate d<hi rend="superscript">o</hi><lb/> | |||
3. Misdemeanours<lb/> | |||
4. Offences non-<del>punishable</del><add>penal.</add><lb/> | |||
(See Catalogue of<lb/> | |||
offences) p.4.</p> | |||
<p>15<lb/> | |||
No matter whether<lb/> | |||
deservedly disreputable<lb/> | |||
or no. p.5.</p> | |||
<p>16<lb/> | |||
Because the mischief<lb/> | |||
to the party is the same. p.5.</p> | |||
<p>17<lb/> | |||
NB Many innoxious<lb/> | |||
acts are disreputable<lb/> | |||
many noxious not disreputable. p.5</p> | |||
<p>18<lb/> | |||
Cause of the difference<lb/> | |||
in this respect in different<lb/> | |||
countries and communities<lb/> | |||
1. Standard of rectitude<lb/> | |||
not agreed on,<lb/> | |||
2. The same act noxious<lb/> | |||
in one is less so or innoxious<lb/> | |||
in another.<lb/> | |||
3. Noxiousness or innoxiousness<lb/> | |||
though real is<lb/> | |||
not alike understood to<lb/> | |||
be so. p.5.</p> | |||
<pb/> | |||
<p><head>§. 1. Definition.</head></p> | |||
<p>18(a)<lb/> | |||
Examples.<lb/> | |||
1. To a Turk drinking<lb/> | |||
wine<lb/> | |||
2. To an American<lb/> | |||
savage, <hi rend="underline">cruelty</hi><lb/> | |||
to prisoners<lb/> | |||
3. To a Hindoo of a high<lb/> | |||
cast eating with one<lb/> | |||
of a low cast.<lb/> | |||
4. To an Otaheitian<lb/> | |||
<hi rend="underline">eating</hi> with one of a different<lb/> | |||
sex. p.6</p> | |||
<p>19<lb/> | |||
<hi rend="underline">Deservedly-disreputable</hi><lb/> | |||
practices what?<lb/> | |||
<add>Answer. Such as</add> are prejudicial to the<lb/> | |||
community, viz. in the<lb/> | |||
persons of<lb/> | |||
1. Other individuals<lb/> | |||
assignable.<lb/> | |||
2. – unassignable<lb/> | |||
but by the class they<lb/> | |||
belong to.<lb/> | |||
3. altogether unassignable<lb/> | |||
viz. the public at<lb/> | |||
large.<lb/> | |||
4. – the agent himself. p.7.</p> | |||
<p>20.<lb/> | |||
Practices – relation they<lb/> | |||
bear to <hi rend="underline">qualities</hi>.<lb/> | |||
In general an act,<lb/> | |||
which though disreputable<lb/> | |||
is unpunishable,<lb/> | |||
may be spoken<lb/> | |||
of as indicative of some<lb/> | |||
disreputable <hi rend="underline">quality</hi>.<lb/> | |||
Ex. gr. 1. ingratitude<lb/> | |||
2. Cowardice. p.8.</p> | |||
<p>21.<lb/> | |||
Of disreputable<lb/> | |||
Qualities some are<lb/> | |||
incident to persons at<lb/> | |||
large some only to persons<lb/> | |||
of particular descriptions. p.8.</p> | |||
<p>22.<lb/> | |||
They are<lb/> | |||
1. corporal (physical) or<lb/> | |||
<del><gap/></del> <add>mental</add> (psychological),<lb/> | |||
psychological are<lb/> | |||
1 or moral<lb/> | |||
2. Intellectual.</p> | |||
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{{Metadata:{{PAGENAME}}}}{{ | {{Metadata:{{PAGENAME}}}}{{Ready_For_Review}} | ||
Aº 177 ? 1809 Marginal – contented
Wrongful Defamation.
§. 1. Definition.
1
Unlawful defamation
what. p.1.
2
Exposition.
(a) Lawful cause. See
Justification.
(b) Concerned see Tit.
(Co-offenders)
(c) (Disseminating) a
a notion what. p.1.
3
2. No matter by what
Signs.
See (Simp. Falshood)
(causes). p.1.
4
3. Nor how communicated.
1. expressly delivered
or addressed or not.
See (Forgery Utterance) p.1.
5
4. Nor whether spontaneously
or responsively. p.2
6
5. Nor whether in Language
positive or
interogative. p.2.
7
6. – plain or ironical. p.2.
8
– Nor how the party
is designated. p.2.
9
(d) (Reputation)
1. No matter in what
way the notion where
prejudicial: viz
by tendency to excite
aversion or contempt. p.3.
10.
Aversion & contempt are
producible –
1. by showing a man
to have merited it
2. or actually incurred
it. p.3
11
For 1. men imitate
without reflection.
2. Actual aversion or
contempt affords presumption
of merited do. p.3
---page break---
§. 1. Definition.
12.
Grounds of aversion or
contempt are
1. Disreputable acts or
habits.
2. Disreputable qualities.
3. Infirmities. p.3.
13.
Disreputable acts or
practices are,
1. legally punishable
2. legally unpunishable. p.4.
14
Legally punishable
are
1. First rate crimes
2. Second rate do
3. Misdemeanours
4. Offences non-punishablepenal.
(See Catalogue of
offences) p.4.
15
No matter whether
deservedly disreputable
or no. p.5.
16
Because the mischief
to the party is the same. p.5.
17
NB Many innoxious
acts are disreputable
many noxious not disreputable. p.5
18
Cause of the difference
in this respect in different
countries and communities
1. Standard of rectitude
not agreed on,
2. The same act noxious
in one is less so or innoxious
in another.
3. Noxiousness or innoxiousness
though real is
not alike understood to
be so. p.5.
---page break---
§. 1. Definition.
18(a)
Examples.
1. To a Turk drinking
wine
2. To an American
savage, cruelty
to prisoners
3. To a Hindoo of a high
cast eating with one
of a low cast.
4. To an Otaheitian
eating with one of a different
sex. p.6
19
Deservedly-disreputable
practices what?
Answer. Such as are prejudicial to the
community, viz. in the
persons of
1. Other individuals
assignable.
2. – unassignable
but by the class they
belong to.
3. altogether unassignable
viz. the public at
large.
4. – the agent himself. p.7.
20.
Practices – relation they
bear to qualities.
In general an act,
which though disreputable
is unpunishable,
may be spoken
of as indicative of some
disreputable quality.
Ex. gr. 1. ingratitude
2. Cowardice. p.8.
21.
Of disreputable
Qualities some are
incident to persons at
large some only to persons
of particular descriptions. p.8.
22.
They are
1. corporal (physical) or
mental (psychological),
psychological are
1 or moral
2. Intellectual.
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Identifier: | JB/064/117/001"JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 64. |
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1809 |
1-18, 18a, 19-22 |
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064 |
Penal Code |
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117 |
Wrongful Defamation |
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001 |
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Marginal summary sheet |
1 |
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recto |
D1 |
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TH 1806 |
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Andre Morellet |
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1806 |
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[[notes_public::"Ao 177[ ] ? 1809 Marginal-contented" [note in Bentham's hand]]] |
20471 |
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