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<head>Article on Utilitarianism.</head> | <head>Article on Utilitarianism.</head> | ||
<hi rend="underline">Virtue</hi> & <hi rend="underline">vice</hi>, <hi rend="underline">justice</hi> & <hi rend="underline">injustice</hi>-<lb/> | <note>43.<lb/>Virtue, vice, justice<lb/>injustice intelligible<lb/>only, when referred<lb/>to one of these 3 principles<lb/>1 g<hi rend="superscript">t</hi>- happiness. 2. asceticism<lb/>3 ipsedixitism.<lb/>Explanation of these principles<lb/>already given. Ipsedixitism<lb/>pursued by<lb/>disciples of Pythagoras.</note> | ||
<p><hi rend="underline">Virtue</hi> & <hi rend="underline">vice</hi>, <hi rend="underline">justice</hi> & <hi rend="underline">injustice</hi>-<lb/> | |||
words all of them universally employed in <add>spoken & written</add> discourse<lb/> | words all of them universally employed in <add>spoken & written</add> discourse<lb/> | ||
not altogether so universally understood. No otherwise<lb/> | |||
than by reference made to the greatest happiness principle<lb/> | |||
can any clear & useful application be made of them<lb/> | |||
or any one of them. Never have they <add>has any one of them</add> been employed but<lb/> | |||
<del>that</del> reference expressed or implied has been made<lb/> | |||
by it to one or other of three principles or say standards<lb/> | |||
of right & wrong, namely <add>1.</add> the greatest happiness principle,<lb/> | |||
2. the principle of asceticism, which is the direct opposite<lb/> | |||
to it, or a 3<hi rend="superscript">rd</hi>. which may be denominated the principle<lb/> | |||
of <hi rend="underline">ipsedixitism</hi> or the <add><foreign>ipse dixit</foreign></add> principle. Of the greatest happ<hi rend="superscript">ss</hi>.<lb/> | |||
principle sufficient explanation has it <unclear>above</unclear> been<lb/> | |||
given : & likewise of its opposite the principle of<lb/> | |||
asceticism, <add>were it only that</add> for it is in the nature of opposites to<lb/> | |||
afford explanation of one another. By the <foreign>ipse dixit</foreign><lb/> | |||
principle understand that principle <del>th</del> or say that<lb/> | |||
commencem<hi rend="superscript">t</hi>. or train of reasoning wh<hi rend="superscript">h</hi>. does not make<lb/> | |||
reference either to happiness or unhappiness as the end<lb/> | |||
in view or standard of right & wrong in human conduct:<lb/> | |||
but either tacitly or expressly & avowedly the<lb/> | |||
opinion - the declared opinion - of either the writer or<lb/> | |||
speaker himself or some other individual named or<lb/> | |||
unnamed. This appellative is not a new one invented<lb/> | |||
for the present purpose, but an old one borrowed<lb/> | |||
from an antique & consequently high a<add>u</add>thority. It is<lb/> | |||
the principle pursued, so Cicero informs us, by the disciples<lb/> | |||
of Pythagoras. <foreign>Ipse</foreign> [referring to Pythagoras] <foreign>ipse dixit</foreign>,:<lb/> | |||
he has said the matter is so & so, therefore said a disciple<lb/> | |||
of the illustrious sage so it is.</p> | |||
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Original
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1829 June 6 Article on Utilitarianism.
43.
Virtue, vice, justice
injustice intelligible
only, when referred
to one of these 3 principles
1 gt- happiness. 2. asceticism
3 ipsedixitism.
Explanation of these principles
already given. Ipsedixitism
pursued by
disciples of Pythagoras.
Virtue & vice, justice & injustice-
words all of them universally employed in spoken & written discourse
not altogether so universally understood. No otherwise
than by reference made to the greatest happiness principle
can any clear & useful application be made of them
or any one of them. Never have they has any one of them been employed but
that reference expressed or implied has been made
by it to one or other of three principles or say standards
of right & wrong, namely 1. the greatest happiness principle,
2. the principle of asceticism, which is the direct opposite
to it, or a 3rd. which may be denominated the principle
of ipsedixitism or the ipse dixit principle. Of the greatest happss.
principle sufficient explanation has it above been
given : & likewise of its opposite the principle of
asceticism, were it only that for it is in the nature of opposites to
afford explanation of one another. By the ipse dixit
principle understand that principle th or say that
commencemt. or train of reasoning whh. does not make
reference either to happiness or unhappiness as the end
in view or standard of right & wrong in human conduct:
but either tacitly or expressly & avowedly the
opinion - the declared opinion - of either the writer or
speaker himself or some other individual named or
unnamed. This appellative is not a new one invented
for the present purpose, but an old one borrowed
from an antique & consequently high authority. It is
the principle pursued, so Cicero informs us, by the disciples
of Pythagoras. Ipse [referring to Pythagoras] ipse dixit,:
he has said the matter is so & so, therefore said a disciple
of the illustrious sage so it is.
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deontology |
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article on utilitarianism |
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