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1829. June Article on Utilitarianism
N.B. The pages referred to are
the pages of the original.
42.
To a sense of connection
between new signs
and new things signified,
or utility of so., especially
ideas, none so
active as J.B. This no
to theories hence,
in their opposition to
him they are as industrious,
as in causing
base coin to be distrusted.
G.4.
43.
Virtue, vice, justice, injustice
intelligible only
when referred to one of
these three principles -
1. Greatest happiness
2. Asceticism
3. Ipsedixitism
Explanation of these 3-
principles already given.
Ipsedixitism pursued
by disciples of Pythagoras
H1.
44.
J.B. would now substitute
in his Introduction
the principle of ipsedixitism
for that of sympathy
and antipathy : it
may be said to have two
branches ; one applying
to civil, the other to penal
law : to the remuneratory
branch only does
it apply.
H.1.
45.
Virtue and vice: one conduces
to happiness, the other
to unhappiness :
adjunct to virtue, self
denial- i.e. sacrifice
of present good to supposed
future gd. Such sacrifice
scarcely ever made:
ex. pleasures of sense in
general
H2
46.
But if a man has his desires
so under control
that the sacrifice causes
no uneasiness, will you
say his virtue is on a lower
level in his mental
frame , because this is
no self denial?
H2.
47.
No room to speak of distinction
between effective
benevolence and self regarding
prudence. J.B's private
Deontology, what...
H4.
48.
In opposition to happiness
principle is justice - a subordinate
of ipse dixit principle.
Assumptions. 1.
that justice is the proper
standard: 2. that so
and so is one of it's dictates.
I.1.
49.
An exemplification of
rebellion against the sovereignty
of this principle
in Godwin's Political
Justice. A use, in showing
the relation of the import
which justice bears
to greatest happiness principle.
I.1.
50.
In employing word justice,
two assumptions:
1. that it is the general rule
of action, laid down by
competent authority.
2. that whatever is meant
by rectitude and propriety
this rule is a proper one:
take any maxim of justice,
and apply it so that justice
will be done. It will
be found that a dictate
of happiness principle is
the same thing as gd. of
justice.
I.2.
51.
To have a clear idea of
it, justice must be divided
into civil & penal
I.2.
52.
All-important principle
in Civil Justice according
to J.B. is the non-disappointment
principle.
See Review of Humphreys.
I.2.
53.
In the penal branch, a
different aspect. Object, minimization
of wrongs.
Remedies classed- 4 heads
by.J.B.- preventive,suppressive,
satisfactive, &
punitive.
I.3.
54.
Greatest happiness of
greatest number. Error in
this appendage found out
some years ago : apparent
clearness and correctness,
really, the reverse.
K.1.
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