JB/014/379/001

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1829. June 6, 7. H 2

Article on Utilitarianism.

(2 22(3

employed by him for the designatn. of that branch of the ipse
dixit prince. whh. applies to the civil or say non-penal branch
of law includg. every portn. not comprised within the denominatn.
of the penal: the civil or say non-penal over whh. in his
view system of the matter we shall have found find presiding the
non-disappointmt. principle.

45.
Virtue & vice: one
conduces to happiness, the
other to unhappiness;
adjunct to virtue,
self-denial ie sacrifice
of present good to
supposed do. such sacrifice
scarcely ever made:
ex. pleasure of sense
in general.
To return to virtue & vice. By virtue under the directn.
of the greatt. happss. prine. is understood that line of
conduct & correspondent dispositn. whh. is conducive to
happss. In the case of the virtue one additn. adjunct, however,
& that productive of a limitative effect requires to
be made; thus is that of the sort of action denominated
virtuous the exercise required more or less of
self-denial: that is to say of a sacrifice made of the present
good whether please. or exemptn. from pain to some
greater good to come. For keeping the positn. in questn.
within the pale of truth this limitative adjunct is
altogether indispensable. For see now whether it
be not so. Among the actns. by the exercise of whh. the
existence of the individual is continued and among them,
of those by whh. please. is experienced or pain reverted
& excluded small is the is the proportn. of those by whh.
virtue in any shape can with propriety be said to
be exercised. Why? Because in the exercise made
of them no self-denial no sacrifice of the present
to the future good is performed made. Thus it is for example
with the pleases. of sense in genel..

46.
But if a man has his
desires so under control
that the sacrifice causes
no uneasiness, will you
say his virtue is on a
lower level in his
mental frame
because this is no
self-denial?
But, here comes in an objectn.. Suppose a man to have
his appetites & desires of all sorts in such complete subjectn. that,
in the sacrifice of the lesser present to the greater future
good, no uneasiness is experienced: nothing that can
be called self-denial is practised. Of such a man will
you say, that in his mental frame virtue is on a
lower level in the scale of perfectn., than in the
case of one in whom the contest between the lesser
present & greater future good, or, according to Dean
Swift's emblem, the game of leap frog between
flesh & spirit is continually renewed? No
assuredly. But, for this not less true it is that to the
applying with propriety to a man's habit & disposit<hi rend="superscript">n.
the appellatives virtue and virtuous the suppositn.
of the existence of reluctance & self-denial in the character
of an accompanimt. of or ingredient in the habit is
indispensable: at the time in question no such unpleasant
sensation has place: but at some anterior point of time it
had place: only in the intervening space of time it has
been gradually worn away, as a file is smoothed down
by usage. [ J. B. substitute a better emblem.]

Identifier: | JB/014/379/001 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 14.
Date_1	1829-06-06	Marginal Summary Numbering	45-46
Box	014	Main Headings	deontology
Folio number	379	Info in main headings field	article on utilitarianism
Image	001	Titles
Category	copy/fair copy sheet	Number of Pages	1
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering	e2 / f22
Penner	john flowerdew colls	Watermarks
Marginals	john flowerdew colls	Paper Producer
Corrections		Paper Produced in Year
Notes public		ID Number	5142
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