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28 June 1816
Polit. Deontology
Justice an independent foundation
§. The principle of all comprehensive utility is the sole defensible
standard of right and wrong in Government.
If the question be asked me – what reason can you give why
the greatest happiness of the greatest number ought in every instance to be the end
of government, no other reason can I give I must confess
than this – as above viz. that my the satisfaction with of
which I contemplate human or in any breast happiness encreases with the number
of those whom I consider as participating it: and is
on the other hand the with which I contemplate
human unhappiness.
The same feeling I expect to can not but suppose to
have place in many other another breasts: and so many persons
as there are in whose breasts this these same feeling have place
by so many shall I be understood to have placed government
in general and constitutional government in particular
upon its – and of upon its proper, upon its
only proper footing.
Mere satisfaction To sense in a clearer and more satisfactory
manner by what is called the method of or the
argument at may the propriety of this basis be
made apparent than by any direct argument such as the
above.
If you will not allow the conduciveness interest to the happiness of
the greatest numbers to the true standard of propriety in
deontology, is it that on this occasion you have no
regard to the happiness of as much as an individual?
is it that there is no one individual exists whose happiness
is considered by you as a fit object of regard? If
then your answer be yes: some there are whose happiness
be the purpose in question is to me an object under
upon by me as being a proper object of regard –
the question. Those then whose happiness is in your eyes
a proper object of regard – what is their number? – their number
absolute and or relative?
Be that number what
it may it being less
than the whole, for what
reason – or what ground
do you stop there? The
taking their happiness for the object of regard, what reason can you produce, which does not with equal force operate in favour of a greater number –
and so on till you get to the whole.
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