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1830 Sept. 25
J.B. to France against Peers
Letter II against Peers
140
Course in establishment of
government this:
Quarrels between hordes showed
the necessity of a leader
in war. Habit of leadership
produced ditto in peace.
141
King require assistants: those
most to be depended upon
were his children: the eldest
before the younger:
Thence came lineal succession.
142
Under feudalism King's
companions were in Latin
Comes – in Saxon Alderman
or say Earl, from
age. Elders seems to point
to the advance from Monarchy
to the growth of
Aristocracy under the shade
of monarchy.
143.
When detachments came to
be made, the Comes became
Dux. Dukeship being leadership
in possession was
better, higher than Countship
which was such in
expectancy.
144
Of power the tendency in
proportion to its duration is
to corrupt the holder, disposing
him to the sinister
sacrifice: sacrifice of the
happiness of the many to
that of the few.
Behold here then the
words absolutism and
tyranny – absolutism
indicating possession, tyranny
exercise.
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145
When by a Monarch to an already-existing
tolerated Chamber
or less expressive of people's
will another has been added,
then has come the distinction
of First and Second
Inducement, any thing but
addition to happiness of the
most numerous classes –
that was not in human
nature.
146.
Modes of addition, two.
1. Life service, not hereditary.
2. Life-service, hereditary.
147
Inducement in the non-hereditary
case, of course,
addition to happiness of Monarch,
his Satellites, & Advisers.
148
Mode of contribution, paralizing
the power of the first
Chamber.
149
Case 1. Seat of this sort of Second
Chamber, a distant
dependency. Function,
taking cognizance of a law
before transmission of it to
the Monarch at his distance
or his single-seated Deputy
on the spot.
150.
Uses to him, excluding all
laws proposable by
trustees for promoting the
happiness of their principals
at the expense of his.
151.
Reason for employing these
his Agents. Not that they
would have so much regard as he for his happiness: but that
1. They would save him the
labour of cognizance.
2. intercept the odium of a
veto on laws desired by his
subjects.
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152.
By any such veto his claim
to the attribute of all benevolence
might appear
disproved: one of the attributes
of this God upon earth
Vice-Roy of the God in heaven,
as per Blackstone.
153.
Accordingly his wisdom corresponding
to his benevolence,
if any wrong happen
that has been sanctioned
by him to
given by them is it
ascribed, not to him.
154.
Case 2. At the time of the
institution, or consent to
the continuance, of the
Second Chamber, its Chambers
Nobles enjoying
their privileges in lineal
succession. Example
Kingdom of Netherlands.
155 Dignity
Lineal succession or not.
Peerage or not in case of life
service attached to the situation
is dignity; to dignity, plunderage.
155
Questions worth consideration
1. What this dignity is worth
to you
2. What it will cost you.
157
1. Exactly equal to nothing
its worth to you.
158.
2. To what it will cost you,
lineal none. If the service
rendered by each dignitary
the value will be as the
altitude of the pile of
Napoleons employed in
causing it. support of it.
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