JB/037/221/001

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1823 July 7
Constitut. Code.II Expositive
Ch. 5. Constitutive
§. (Universal dislocative – why)

3. II. As to the nature of the benefit. This may be good or evil
in any of its shapes or evil in any of its shapes. The matter
of corruption is accordingly the matter of good in any of its shapes,
considered as employed to this sinister purpose. For example of the
shapes in which the matter of good is as the disposition of governments
or individuals taken as above the external instruments of felicity
in all their shapes: including the secrets of government rule and misrule in all those several
shapes: namely 1. money, 2. power, 3. factitios dignity: 4. ease at the expence of official duty, 5. vengeance at the expence of
justice.

In the idea of good in all its shapes is included the idea of
evil in all its shapes. How so? even because, whatever be the shape
in which it is possible for evil to show itself, the absence exclusion or
removal of it is a correspondent good: and in the same way
under the idea of evil in all its shapes is included the idea of good
in all its shapes.(a)

Note (a)
(a) Good and evil being opposites, what is said predicated of each may by an appropriate
change in the context, be with equal truth and propriety be predicated of the other,
and so accordingly it is with regard to reward and punishment.

Good may accordingly be divided and distinguished into positive and
negative. Good Positive good is good not consequ consisting
in the exclusion absence or removal of evil: negative good is good
consisting in the exclusion or removal of evil.

Punishment may therefore in this way be made, and accordingly
is made into an instrument of corruption. Give a man to understand
that if he will not render the sinister service, he will be
punished: but that if he does render shall have rendered it, he shall remain unpunished:
the non-application of the punishment has the effect of
reward. Wer Moreover Where the instrument is in both cases the same, as
in case of money, and the quantity magnitude of it equal, the actuating force
of punishment is much greater than that of reward. Aggregate value
of a man's property say £100. Take from Give him £50, you do
not produce near so much enjoyment as you do suffering by
taking from him that same sum, the ratio of £100 you do still
further are you from producing on his part as much enjoyment as
you would suffering by taking from him that same sun: you in
this case take from him his all: scarcely by giving him £1,000 would
you produce so much enjoyment as you would suffering him by thus so stripping him.
man is susceptible of pain in greater quantities than pleasure.

Identifier: | JB/037/221/001 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 37.
Date_1	1823-07-07	Marginal Summary Numbering	4-5, 5a, 6-8
Box	037	Main Headings	constitutional code
Folio number	221	Info in main headings field	constitut. code
Image	001	Titles
Category	text sheet	Number of Pages	1
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering	e2
Penner	jeremy bentham	Watermarks
Marginals	jeremy bentham	Paper Producer
Corrections		Paper Produced in Year
Notes public		ID Number	11436
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