JB/038/109/001

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1821 Aug. 26
Codification Other Constitut. Code

§ 5. Draughtsman Single
Note

154 7(a)
In a Monarchy, causes
of the connection between
happiness of rulers and do.
of subjects.

1. Monarchy absolute.
Cause 1. Proportioned to the
number of existing subjects
is the greatest mass of the
external instruments of
his felicity extractible by
Monarch: and inseparable
from existence are the
comforts by which existence
is continued to the individual
and the species.

Thus far, though by his
operations, felicity is
produced to them by him, no
thought is employed to that
end.

155
2. Cause 2. Monarch's fear
of resistance, and retribution
for injury: i.e. for
infelicity, produced by
increase of his felicity at
the expence of o theirs.

156
To no Monarch can
subject many have ever
failed, or ever ceased, to
be objects of contempt and
hatred.

3. Causes of the contempt.

1. Smallness of the share left
them in the instruments
of felicity.

2. Intellectual weakness
manifested by submission to
such treatment, and to the
corruption and delusion
applied to them.

3. Contempt consummate,
hatred none: as contempt
lessens, hatred comes on
and encreases.

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§ 5. Draughtsman Single
Note

157 7(a) contind.
4. Of some portion of
hatred, the absence is
impossible: viz. that produced
by the incapacity of
their labour to keep pace
with his demands.

5. Of another, the presence
is contingent: viz. that
which has place when, by
depredation and oppression,
patience has been
made to give place to
visible impatience and
discontent, whence,
apprehended disaffection,
esistance, insurrection.

6. Now, with the hatred, is
produced fear: harm
eventually, diminution
of misrule.

True, of fear, hatred is a
natural consequence: &
of hatred, exacerbation aggregation of
misrule. Here comes
conflict between self-regarding
and anti-social affection:
victor, most commonly the
anti-social: thence tyranny
unendurable producing
revolution.

158
7. Man hates others more
than he loves himself, a
paradox: but gratification
of anti-social affection
is self-love. To restrain it,
requires self-command:
the more used to command
others, the less he is to
command himself.

159
8. II. Monarchy limited.
By same causes in
sub-ruling few are produced
contempt and hatred of
subject many: yet incidentally

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§ 5. Draughtsman Single
Note

7(a) contind.
incidentally accompanied
with hatred towards
the Monarch, and, by
the increasing his fear as
above, promoting alleviation
or aggravation of
misrule.

160
9. Causes of this hatred

1. Share experienced of
the burthen, chiefly
intended for the subject
many.

2. Each man's dissatisfaction
with the share
allotted to him out of
the plunderage.

10. Sole government
under which subject many
are to ruling few, objects
not of contempt and
hatred, but respect and love.
Representative Democracy:
particularly the U.S.
with its 13. increased to
23. States.

161
11 Cause – the few possessors
of operative power,
subject to the constitutive
power of the many:
being, with or without
intermediate agency, appointed
and promptly removable
by them.

162
12. Hence while, in
absolute Monarchy, moral
inaptitude, in Representative
Democracy do. aptitude
is consummate.

163.
13. In limited Monarchy,
moral inaptitude may
vary in degree according
to the extent of the limitations,
and the situation of
the hands it is applied by:
in virtue of such influence
as subjects may
have on the choice and
conduct of sub-rulers.
Still, whenever competition
has place, subject's
happiness will here be
sacrificed to do. sub-rulers do.

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☞ 21 Novr 1821
This Note has not
been included with
revised copy.

Identifier: | JB/038/109/001 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 38.
Date_1	1821-08-26	Marginal Summary Numbering	[[marginal_summary_numbering::154 [or] 7a, 155-156, 157 [or] 7a, 158-163]]
Box	038	Main Headings	constitutional code
Folio number	109	Info in main headings field	constitut. code
Image	001	Titles	note
Category	marginal summary sheet	Number of Pages	1
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering	d19 / e1*
Penner	john flowerdew colls	Watermarks	j whatman 1819
Marginals		Paper Producer	john flowerdew colls
Corrections	jeremy bentham	Paper Produced in Year	1819
Notes public	[[notes_public::"21 novr 1821 this note has not been included in the revised copy" [note in bentham's hand]]]	ID Number	11746
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