JB/044/027/001

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1822 May 21
Economy &c§. Securities

In regard to whatsoever presumption evidence may
have been considered as afforded by precedent and authority, in this
consideration requires to be kept in mind – namely that, it
has not in any an instance in antecedent to the formation of
the Constitution of the Anglo American United States has the existence
of a Second Chamber had for its cause any such consideration as
the affording a security against precipitation.

The example is even in that case has been the example
of England. But in that case of the two Chambers the Aristocratical
Chamber the House of Lords was the Chamber first established
established or at least by the Monarch, under the pressure of necessity,
because no measure sufficient means of bringing the people under
permanent subjection to his own power even were it in his
hands. In this state continued the from the time of
the Norman Conquest till the days of Henry the third.

In the days of Henry the third was laid the foundation
of the Second Chamber the House of Commons. Founder in the
first instance Simon de Montfort one of the Lords by whom
a contact with the King was for some time kept up. Second
Founder the King of himself. Probable Causes of foundation have –
1. Encrease of Facility for obtaining money: consent on the part of the contributors being found to render
and more especially effective instrument than fear. 2. Hope of relied allied Counterforce against
the apprehended superior form of mutually confederated Lords.

Since the restoration of Monarchy the exclusive initiative in money matters
being recognized as belonging to the House of Commons, the place
of Second Chamber, considered as a source of negative power has
been occupied by the House of Lords.

But in this case to what circumstances by what considerations has the revered
and existence of the Second Chamber been produced?
By due fear fear apprehended danger of precipitation on the part in the measures of the House
of Commons? No. But the particular and sinister interest of
all those those sections of the supreme operative power all of
them acting in confederacy against the universal interest.

No part in either instance had any such cause as the fear
of evil from precipitation and the hope of excluding it by delay, in the formation
of either House. By force alone all t'other over laws and institutions were established: by force they
have been established, by hope of gain, the reasonableness of have been pretended to be proved⊞ ⊞ Where is that institution so atrocious of the excellence of which whatever is meant by excellence ben not demonstrations have not been procured in abundance by the same
all influence of that same all powerful motive?

Identifier: | JB/044/027/001 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 44.
Date_1	1822-05-21	Marginal Summary Numbering	28-31
Box	044	Main Headings	economy as to office
Folio number	027	Info in main headings field	economy &c
Image	001	Titles
Category	text sheet	Number of Pages	1
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering	c2 / e13 / f14
Penner	jeremy bentham	Watermarks
Marginals	jeremy bentham	Paper Producer
Corrections		Paper Produced in Year
Notes public		ID Number	13812
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