JB/063/163/002

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EXEMPTIONS NECESSITY + 1

+Physical compulsion comes
under the question of Intent.

We now come to a 4th head of General Exemption still [continuing taking our course with
the principle of utility for our guide [under the conduct of which] the clouds with
which by a tendrous casuistry had been envelopped the subject still are dissipated vanish before us. from around our path

To give the Term "necessity" (a term unhappily become vague from the variety of senses
in which it has been employed) a precise and intelligent signification as applied to the
subject of Jurisprudence — we must define it — A particular/moral + + Moral in contradistinction to physical force impelling to the commission of
obnoxious Act superior to the [general] force applied by the Laws to restrain from it

Another reason, too, is, the obnoxious
act itself (for we must not here call it
the crime) is stripped divested, by the
circumstances which losing the case
under the head of necessity, of those
effects [consequences] in which reside
by much the largest share of its
malignity: viz: the mischief
of the 2d & 3d orders.

Limits of this topic — none

admitting This definition if admitted we have written the compass of it — includes all the doctrine on the subject. Wherever such In whatever general
force subsists, it is evident punishment [the force that latter force of the Laws] becomes useless &
In pursuance of this doctrine, we may lay down as a general rule ground of requittal
in any every case whatsoever, the a man's proving to the satisfaction of the Jury that he would have must suffer
been killed if he death or irreparable/[or maimed] corporal mischief ‡ had not done it: for the utmost worst that could happened to him from the violation
of the Law was the being put to death, by course of Law an event distant & precarious, while that
the other branches of the alternative was consequent upon it's observance was/is upon the supposition instant & certain. All the effect therefore that
the execution of the Law could have in such a case would be the production of just so much more clear misery
than would have existed without it: the misery here occasioned by the punishment standing singly compensated:
which brings the execution of the Law here as well as in the preceding topics in all such cases instances within the — — — — —
case of inexpediency.

This will afford a subject for
Question to be submitted in any case
to a Jury on the part of the Deft
in these Terms viz. Would he have been killed
for not doing it if he had not done it? (viz: the
obnoxious act supposed to have been
above specified).

If it were not for this, the killing of
a Burglar &c would not be defensible justifiable:
for the p to answer the purposes at
least the full purposes of the Law
he ought to be forthcoming alive
to serve by his punishment for an
example.

Sr Matthew Hale starts by way of argument There is a case not very likely to happen, which
never actually has happened that I know of in this country, started by Sr Matthew Hale by way of argument which he decides it for the sake of deciding it in
opposition to these principles — "If says he a man (says that killer be desperately assaulted, &
cannot otherwise escape, unless to satisfy his assailants fury he will kill an innocent
person person then present, the fear & actual force will not acquitt him of
the Crime & punishment of murder, if he committ the fact; for he ought rather to die
himself, than kill an innocent: but if he cannot otherwise save his won life the
Law permits him in his own defence to kill the assailant; for by the violence of
assault I know not any thing more trifling than an "ought" or an "ought not"

Identifier: | JB/063/163/002 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 63.
Date_1		Marginal Summary Numbering
Box	063	Main Headings	law in general
Folio number	163	Info in main headings field	book ist offences in general exemptions necessity
Image	002	Titles
Category	text sheet	Number of Pages	2
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering	/ d1
Penner	jeremy bentham	Watermarks	[[watermarks::[gr with crown motif] [britannia with shield motif]]]
Marginals		Paper Producer
Corrections		Paper Produced in Year
Notes public		ID Number	20352
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