JB/079/031/001

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[The knowledge of the Law respects 4 directing
it the points]

(1
The knowledge which
a man may have
of the Law respecting
any points admitts
of 4 gradations

There are 4 distinguishable degrees of knowledge
which a man may have respecting
a Law.

1st Whether there be any Law at all
concerning the matter in question ?n Ecquid
Lex Habut?
2. What it is that the Law has ordained
concerning the matter in question ?
Quid Lex Statuit?
3. Under What is the penalty punishment which it has
appointed for the breach of what it has so
ordained ? Quâ sub poena?
4. What is the course of which it has appointed
for the in bringing to down such punishment
of down upon those who may have + + been guilty of
such breach incurred it?
Ques modas prosequendi?

(2
Crimes. Principal
of the
2 1st Classes

In all mischievous acts, whereof [the object &
the mischief are certain and conspicuous#, # whereof the object
is an individual
and the mischief
manifest]
[as might the Principal Offences of the 2 first classes]
the knowledge of the two first points
is as it were natural to man. That general &
vague knowledge of the ends of Society, and of
the Laws which regulate it made to uphold it which the
least instructed cannot fail of imbibing
from those with whom he converses is sufficient to inform
him, that if he does that which must as
he sees hurt another man, the Laws
will do that which shall hurt him .

With regard therefore to acts of this description
he is sufficiently disposed to believe ,"
that there is a Law concerning them , viz.
2dly That there is a Law which prohibits
them : but what are the penalties respectively
appointed for the breach of them is a point
in concerning which it is in the instance of a few only ,
such as Murder perhaps , that he is in the way
of himself to form any precise opinion.|| || attain any precise
idea

Still less can he be in general presumed
to be acquainted with these the expedients which
the Law has set on foot for the raising up of those,
who shall accuse him who has committed any

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of the acts thus obnoxious, for verifying the truth
of such accusation , f for the dischargeing from
the punishment or the infliction of it according
to the result of the enquiry.+ + cXI

(3
And Accessory
those ex inapinato
excepted

The same may be said of such all Accessory
Offences , those which are accessory ex inapinato
excepted.

Qu. of those of the 3d Class.

(4
Politico-Oeconomical

Of the Laws which prescribe to men of particular
professions how they shall conduct
themselves in the exercise of those particulars professions
of which kind are most of those which burthen [tax] prohibit
or restrain commercial dealings in the
respective — in many of these instances , I
say, there is nothing which tends naturally
to lead to the knowledge any even the 1st and lowest degree of knowledge
concerning them

There are 3 things which lead to some or
all of these degrees of knowledge : 1st The Sence + + perception or
opinion
of some necessity for or utility in a Law to be
made upon the subject . 2dly the Observation
of obedience paid by others to some such Law ; i:e
of a mode of conduct pursued which for the pursuing
of which no motive appear but on
the supposition of such a Law++ ++ as the payment
of Taxes . 3dly The
observation of the execution of some such
Law , viz: of the suffering of some one
as for the transgressing of it.

Of these helps were the first 1st and lowest fails in the instance
of Laws of which the utility is problematical, or tho' real, is
not manifest , but nor discernible only but
through a deep-extending medium, which
the objects optics of persons unexercised in political
speculations are ordinarily unable to pervade.## Instance, the
Navigation Act,
which ows its
notoriety to a
further cause ;
viz: to it's natural
celebrity
sufficient to bring
it to the recognizance
of persons of a profession the nature
of which it is to be exercised by persons
of such a rank as is ordinarily accompanied
by an education calculated to
put them upon the track of such an
enquiry.

COMPOSITION PROMULGATION. Part. Codes — 4 degrees of knowledge - [ [XLI] 3 natural conducives to Notoriety.

Identifier: | JB/079/031/001 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 79.
Date_1		Marginal Summary Numbering	not numbered
Box	079	Main Headings
Folio number	031	Info in main headings field	promulgation part. codes - 4 degrees of knowledge - 3 natural conducives to notoriety
Image	001	Titles
Category	text sheet	Number of Pages	1
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering
Penner	jeremy bentham	Watermarks	[[watermarks::gr [crown motif] [britannia with shield motif]]]
Marginals	jeremy bentham	Paper Producer
Corrections	richard smith	Paper Produced in Year
Notes public		ID Number	25473
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