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§. 2. Torture. Between torture and punishment, the
relation of this sort.
Torture is the name given employed, and perhaps
with nearly equal frequency, in two different senses.
In its most extended sense it is employed to
designate pain, especially pain of body, when considered
as being intense in its degree, and this without reference
to the cause by which it is produced.
In its most more restricted sense being that
in which it is mot apt to be employed when considered
as the result of how it is employed to signify pain
of body, in its degree intense, as above, employed by
in the course of time, or at any rate by the hand of power
in the character of an instrument of compulsion.
But the account given of it, when employed in this
sense wants much as yet of being compleat.
By compulsion or constrant, taken at large, the object
means by which the act may be is accomplished the negative offence made
to give way to the positive act of obedience required
may be the mere apprehension of the punishment
which is denounced.
Thus, to take the subject matter to which the occasion
in which the application use made of coercion in this form is
most extensive. In the case of taxation, compulsion,
viz. payment of a man's share to the tax whatever it
be, is the object to which the attainment of which, as to
its ultimately intentional result, the eventual punishment
whatsoever it be that is employed for the purpose
of
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