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1828. Jany. 29
Law Amendments Propositions
Ch. II. Codification
Offences collectively.
Axioms pathological.
IV. Equality
IV. Equality as to Wealth
59.
Propositions applying
to Equality.
60. I. In hand
Case 1. Wealth actually
in the hands of the
party.
61.
1. To every particle portion of
matter of wealth corresponds
a particle portion
of the matter of happiness
62.
2. Consequently, of two persons he who
has the most wealth,
has the most happiness.
63.
3. But increase of
happiness not proportionate
to increase
of wealth.
64.
4. Encrease to happiness The magnitude of the portion
diminishes as of happiness decreases as the
the excess of wealth number of the portions of wealth
of one man over another increases.
increases.⊞
64* or 4*. The quantity of
happiness increases as
the difference between
the least portion of wealth
and the greatest diminishes.
65. II In-coming Gain
Case II. Particles of
wealth about to enter
into parties possession.
66.
1. As per No 4 Fortunes unequal,
a particle of wealth
added to the smallest
fortune will produce
more happiness than
if added to the greatest
of the two.
67.
2. Exemplification of
the above axiom.
68.
3. On these data, might
be grounded a scale
of happiness produced
by such additions.
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IV. Equality as to Wealth
69. III. Outgoing Loss
Case III. Particles of
wealth about to go
out of parties possession.
8 or 70.
1. By substraction from
him who has abundance,
less defalcation
from happiness is produced than if from him
who has subsistence
only.
9 or 71.
2. So for of from him
who has the largest;
than from him who
has the smallest portion
of abundance.
72.
3. The greater the number 3. Given the quantity of the
of those from whom matter of wealth substracted
the substraction is
made, the less is defalcation
from happiness.
11 or 73.
4. Still less, defalcation of the quantity
of substraction of the matter of wealth substracted
of wealth in each instance be in the ratio
of fortunes, as per No 5 6.7
12 74
5. Substraction of
wealth may be in
so small a quantity
as not to be sensible
in regard to happiness: as where it amounts not to the least denomination of money.
13 or 75
6. The larger the fortune
of the individual,
the less probability
of substraction
from happiness.
14 or 76.
So where there is
substraction from
happiness, the larger
the fortunes, the less
the amount of that
substraction.
69*
By loss, suffering is
as the value of the thing
lost
69**
The value of a thing
that is 1. general in that
way of exchange: or
special or say enlarged
in the way of use.
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IV. Equality as to Wealth
77 or 15. Loss and Gain
Case IV. Wealth about
to go from one
party to the other.
15 or 78
1. Fortunes equal,
the happiness gained
by the addition
not equal to that
lost by the substraction.
16 79.
2. Fortunes unequal,
the poorer the loser,
the richer the gainer,
loss by the transfer
greater than in the
preceding case.
17 80
3. Fortunes unequal,
the richer the loser,
the poorer the gainer:
the effect of the
transfer may be
either loss or gain.
18. 81
1. Exemplification 1.
Of the preceding axiom,
case where loss
is the effect of the transfer.
19. 82
2. Exemplification 2.
Case where gain is
the effect.
82*
Equality requires
that, though it be by
the expence of denomination of the incomes
of all the other member
of the community, that
the incomes of those of persons
whose incomes are composed of the wages
of labour be maximized.
Reason. Of
those persons is composed the
vast majority of
which number of
the members of the
community.
82**
Exceptions excepted.
Equality requires that
the profits of stock be
minimized. Reasons.
1. Because the net profits
of stock are composed
of whatever
portion of the gross profits
is not composed of the
wages of labour.
2. Because the net
profits of stock are less
and less as the qu relative
quantity of the matter
of abundance in the community
is greater: relative
that is to say in proportion
to the number of the members.
82***
Exception as in so
far as the number of the
possessors of the wages of labour
in the community in
question is so great, and at the same time the number of the possessors of the net profits of stock so small, that by a sensible addition made to the
income of the one no smaller defalcation is made from those of the other.
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John Flowerdew Colls ; Jeremy Bentham |
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