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Happ:ss and Unhapp:ss their Dimensions. Value of a Pain or Pleasure. (6.
22.
Connection between Sensations. to speak of them, because it may be of use to know how to act concerning them
it may be of use to know how to act concerning them, because they are often
Note [a] cont:d
if is a mode of that same substance. Tis to this sense alone I would wish to see it restricted. Unhappily, Hitherto the usage has been to apply it indifferently
to the mode and to both: to the substance, as well as to the mode. This usage has a bad effect, since
it confounds two things that require often to be distinguished: and it is
not necessary, since the term "instrument" is a term that would be full as
expressive, as any other can be, for the substance, without being liable to be suspected of being
put intended to express the mode. This distinction therefore between cause and instrument
I would wish to see preserved. adopted, & that generally. It is useful as giving precision
seems useful therefore for precision's sake, and is capable of general
application. Let us take an example in from Natural Philosophy: "The " to speculations of which precision is the life and soul. It is useful wherever it can be applied: wherever the idea of causality introduces itself, that is, in a manner, every where.
"The pressure of the Air", we say, it is said," is the cause of the Quicksilver's rising in the Barometer". "The
pressure of The Air, it is also said as The Air itself ... we are at the same time very apt to speak of, as being "the cause" of the Quicksilver's
"rising in the Barometer". Here by the Air is we mean the substance acting as an
instrument on the Quicksilver: I would call it therefore the instrument By The pressure of the Air, we mean
and the Air; I would say is the instrument which causes the rising as not a mode, viz: a motion, of that substance. Compare then these two
of the Quicksilver on the Barometer. The pressure of the Air is the mode expressions, and it will cannot but be seen, that in one or other of them there
namely a of that substance. This mode has no other term that I is somthing wrong. The same appellation, "cause", is given in the
know of to express it's relation to that other mode that is it's effect to latter former of them to the pressure of the Air itself, as by the former had latter
this therefore I would confine the name of cause. The is the only have given to to the pressure of the Air itself. The Air a substance, and the pressure
thing to which the correlative term "effect"can be applied is unquestionably of the Air, a mode, of motion of of that same substance, are confounded
a mode and nothing else. It is not the Quicksilver itself that is the effect under the same term. In the latter case therefore I would to the Air
either of the Air itself or it's pressure. It is only the rising of the Quicksilver's
itself I would give the name of instrument. "The Air", I would say,
"is the instrument the action of which is the cause of the Quicksilver's
"rising in the Barometer". The term "cause" I would confine
to denote, as in the 1st case, the action of that instrument, the pressure of the Air. There is the more reason for this, in that to the Quicksilver the substance acted on by that instrument, the substance acted on by the Air, we never apply the term "effect": the a term, the sense of which one expects to find universally opposite to and correspondent to that of the term "cause". It is the rise, the motion of the Quicksilver, and never the Quicksilver itself that we speak of as being the effect of that cause which we mean, when we speak of "the pressure of the Air".
Happ:ss and Unhapp:ss their Dimensions. Value of a Pain or Pleasure (6
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[[info_in_main_headings_field::happ[ine]ss and unhapp[ine]ss: their dimensions value of a pain or pleasure]] |
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