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4. Of the members of this, as of other states in general, the
great majority will, naturally at each given point of time, be composed
of the several persons, who having been born in some part or
other of the territory belonging to the State have all along remained
inhabitants of it. But, to these for the purpose of benefit, of burthen
or of both, will be to be added sundry other classes of persons,
of whom designation is made in an appropriate part of the
ensuing Code.
5. Immediately specific and jointly all-comprehensive ends
of this Constitution are Subsistence, Abundance, Security, and
Equality — each maximized in so far as is compatible with the maximization
of the rest.
6. I. As to Subsistance. b This speaks for itself.
7. II. As to Abundance. This is an instrument of felicity
on two accounts: on its own account, and as an instrument of security
for subsistence. In this latter character, its usefulness may be still
greater to those who possess it not, than to those who possess it.
Note (a) III continued.
Thus it is, that to provide for the greatest felicity of the
greatest number, is the utmost that can be done, towards the maximization
of universal national felicity, in so far as depends on
Government.
(b) [Subsistence]. By subsistence - or say matter of subsistence -
may be understood every thing, the non possession of which would
be productive of positive physical suffering: - that Something more. In so
far as distinct from and not comprehended in, the corresponding branch
of security, namely security for subsistence — subsistence itself must be
understood as being in the field of time limited to a single instant: —
any instant taken at pleasure.
— Accordingly, of the several elements of dimensions of value
to extent alone, as measured by the number of the individuals in
question, can maximization on this occasion be applicable.
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