JB/039/011/001

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good: it may be distinguished into punishment and hardship

38. Punishment is evil, produced under the notion of its
being a direct instrument or efficient cause of some good
thereby desired and intended to be produced.

39. Hardship is evil produced as a collateral result of
some operation employed for the exclusion of evil or for the
production of good: a collateral result, not on efficient cause.

40. In respect of its shape, expence employed by Government
as above is either non pecuniary or pecuriary.

41. The non pecuniary expense of Government is hardship
at large: the principal modification of it is that produced
by forced personal service: and of forced personal
service, that produced by forced military service.

42. As to the matter of expense in no shape can it ever
be procurable by Government in any thing like sufficient quantity
without hardship or punishment or the fear of it or both.

43. Whatever is done by Government is done — partly by
means of the matter of punishment or the fearof it, partly
by means of the matter of reward or the hope of it.

44. The matter of reward is a portion of the matter of
good — considered as employed in the production of felicity
in the breast of some individual, in consideration of some act
done or supposed to be done by him or about to be done by him.

45. The matter of reward is not in any sufficient quantity
procurable by Government without expense: expense as above is
the shape of hardship & punishment.

46 Accordingly on no occasion & for no purpose is good
producible by Government but through evil as above.

47. Hence in so far as may be without detriment to the
net amount of good produced — the maximization of national
felicity required — that factitious reward — reward applied by the
trend of Government at the expence of the community — be in every shape minimized as well as
the matter of punishment. S.2.

Identifier: | JB/039/011/001 "JB/" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 39.
Date_1		Marginal Summary Numbering
Box	039	Main Headings	constitutional code
Folio number	011	Info in main headings field
Image	001	Titles
Category	copy/fair copy sheet	Number of Pages	1
Recto/Verso	recto	Page Numbering	e11
Penner	richard doane	Watermarks	j whatman turkey mill 1822
Marginals		Paper Producer	jonathan blenman
Corrections		Paper Produced in Year	1822
Notes public		ID Number	12018
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