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No1 Description by Temperature Collectanea from 1796 to
Wilds America Octavo
Vo.1.p.395
In order to avoid
the expence of feeding
many [cattle] thro' the
winter, as soon as
the frost sets in they
generally kill cattle
and poultry sufficient
to last them till the
return of Spring. The
carcases are burried
in the ground and
covered with a heap
of Snow, and as they
are wanted they are
dug up, Vegetables
are laid up in the
same manner and
they continue very
good throughout the
Winter.
Longs Travels in
America 1791. p.85
The weather being
more moderate I
sent my men to the
lakes to look after
the Nets which had
been under the Ice
a considerable time
the severity of the
season not having
allowed us to examine
them for near a
Month, when to our
great mortification
they were found almost
rotten and not
a single Fish.—
1
Nicholson's Dictionary
Art. Putrefaction.
Every animal
substance exposed to
the air as a temperature
above ten
degrees above ten
---page break---
degrees of Reamur
(Fah 54 1/2) and moistened
with its own
serous humour putrefies.
Word for word
from Chaptal III.400.
2 Chaptal III.395.
Moisture is an indispensable
requisite to
facilitate putrefaction
and any substance
may be defended from
this change by compleatly
drying it. This
was performed by
Cazalet and Villers of
Bordeaux by means
of Stoves the Meat
thus prepared was
preserved several years
without having contracted
any bad flavour.
The sands and light
pervious Earths preserve
the bodies of men only
by virtue of the property
of exhausting the Juices
and drying the Solids.
From this cause it is
intire Caravans
have been discovered
in Arabia consisting
of men and camels
perfectly preserved in
the Sands under which
the impetuous winds
have burried them. ibid.
Mummies of this sort
from Teneriffe are kept
in Trinity College Library
Cambridge,
3 Chaptal III. 274.
The contact of Air is
the second necessary
cause in the putrefaction
of Vegetables. It
is reported in Ephimirides
of the curious
in natural phnenomena
for 1787 (1687) that
ripe Cherries were
preserved for forty years
by inclosing them
in a Vessel well
luted and placed
at the bottom of a
well. 275. A certain
degree of heat is
likewise necessary the
heat between 5 & 10
degrees (43 1/4 and 54 1/2
Fah.) is sufficient to
cause decomposition.
A greater heat dissipates
the humidity
dries the Vegetable
and preserves it from
putrefaction. Too little
heat retards or suspends
it.
4
The temperature
of Water being much
steadier much less
liable to sudden variation
than that of air.
See Kirwan 30.38.
Lake of Geneva
observation by Saufusc
Air - -82
Water at the surface 62
D<hi rend="underline">o</hi> at 87 foot depth 55
By Raymond at
Marseilles 19 July 1765.
Sea next the Land - 74
Middle of the Bay. 72
Entrance - - 70
Kirwan 34
Temperature of
water steadier than
that of Earth Kir 30
35. Temperature of
Earth steadier than
that of Air ibid 30.-
Cavern near Reuthing
in Arabia.-
External air - 66
Air of Cavern 48
Water in the Cavern 42
Kirwan 33.
In the Paris Observatory
at 90 Feet below
the pavement the
temperature is at 53o.5
Varies in the coldest}
Season no more},5
than 1/2 a degree. }
Kirw.32.
Marsailles in Winter
Sea never lower than 44
Earth as low as - 14
Kirw 35.-
5.-
Encycl. Brit Art.
Gadus.-
Fisherman are
well acquainted with
the use of the Air bladder
or sound of Cod &
are very dextrous
in perforating this
part of a live fish
with a needle in order
to disengage the
enclosed air for without
this operation it could
not be kept under
Water in the Well
boat and be brought
fresh to Market.
The glutinous parts
above the head loose
the delicate flavour
after it has been 24
hours out of the
Water even in Winter
in which these and
other fish of this genus
are in highest Season.
Immersion in Water
appears to be a preservative
against mouldiness -
probably because
atmospheric air is
necessary to that species
of vegetation.
6
Encycl. Brit. Art.
Flowering of Bulbous
Plants
Sometimes the roots
will become mouldy
in several parts
while they stand
above the water and
the cleansing of them
is to no purpose
for it will eat and
spread the furthest
frequently eat thro'
two or three of their
coats. In this cause
they must immediately
be covered with
Water when the mould
will be stopped and the
roots become sound &
flower as well as those
which never had any
such distemper. If
the roots are suffered
to remain in Water
all the year they will
flower again at thei
proper Season and
that as vigorously
as those which have
been taken out and
dried.
7.
Per S.B.Currants
are kept in Russia
in Water it the Water
serves at any
rate to exclude the
air and the temperature
it must be supposed
is low enough
to be a bar to fermentation.
The Water serves
as a bar to great &c
sudden changes of
temperature.-
8
Nich. Dict. Putrefaction.
II. 734.
Boyle rlates that
he has preserved Lemons,
Oranges and
other fruit from putrefaction
and other
fermentation during
several years by
including them
in an exhausted
receiver.-
Macbride found
putrifaction accelerated
in one instance
prevented in another
by exhaustion. ibid.
he attributes the
difference to a difference
in the degree
of exhaustion.-
It is not rather
to be attributed to a
difference in the temperature
which is
not here noticed?
9
Stedman's Guiana
I.121.-
A single piece of
ready roasted beef is
often sent from Europe
to Guiana as a
most valuable and
delicate present.-
The manner of preserving
the meat for
this long voyage is -
when roasted by putting
it in a block
tin box or Canister
then filling up the
empty space with
gravy or dripping
till it is perfectly
covered over after
which the box must
be made fast and
soldered round about
so that neither air
nor water can penetrate
by this means
I was told it may
be with safety carried
round the Globe.
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