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209
especially if he had proper notice to apply his ear to the end of the tube.
With regard to instruction, in cases where it cannot be duly
given, without the Instrutor's being close to the work, or without his setting his
his hand to it, by way of example, before the learner's face, the instructor must
indeed, here as elsewhere, shift his station, as often as there is occasion to visit
different workmen: unless he calls the workmen to him; which in some of the
instances to which this sort of building is applicable, such as that of imprisoned
felons, could not so will be. But in all cases where directions, given
verbally and at a distance, are sufficient, tutors
will be found of use. They will save, on
the one hand, the exertion of voice it would require on the part of the instructor to
communicate with the workmen, without quitting his central situation in the lodge;
and on the other, the confusion which would ensue, if different instructors, or persons
in the lodge, were calling to the cells at the same time. And, in the case of
Hospitals, the quiet that may be ensured by this little contrivance, trifling as
it may seem at first sight, affords an additional advantage.
A Bill, appropriated exclusively to the purposes of alarm,
hangs in a belfry, with which the building is crowned, communicating by a rope with
the Inspector's Lodge.
The most economical, and perhaps the most convenient, way of
warming the Cells, and area, would be by flues
, surrounding it upon the principle
of those in hot-houses. A total want of every means of producing artificial
heat might, in such weather as we sometimes have in England, be fatal to the lives
of the prisoners: at any rate, it would oftentimes be altogether incompatible with
their working at any sedentary employments. The flues however and the fireplaces
belonging to them, instead of being on the outside as in hot-houses, should
be in the inside; By this means there would be less waste of heat: and the current
of of air, that would rush in from all sides, through the Cells, to supply the
draught made by the fires, would answer, in so far, the purpose of ventilation.
But of this more under the head of Hospitals(a).
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Note
(a) There is one subject, which, though not of the most dignified
kind cast, nor of the most pleasant kind to expatiate upon, is of too great importance
to health to be passed over unconsidered: I mean the provision to be made for
carrying off the result of necessary evacuations. A common necessary one might be dangerous
to security, and would be altogether incompatible with the plan of solitude.
To have the filth soil carried of by the attendants, would be altogether as incompatible
with cleanlyiness: since, without such a degree of regularity as it would be difficult
if not ridiculous, to attempt to enforce, even in case of health, and altogether impracticable
in case of sickness, the air of each cell, and by that means of the lodge
itself, would be liable to be kept in a state of constant contamination, in the intervals
betwixt one visit and another: This being the case, I can see no other
eligible means, than that of having in each cell a fix'd provision for that made for this purpose
in the construction of the building.
Betwixt every other two Cells, at the end of the partition
which divides them, a hollow shaft or tunnel is left in the brick-work of the
exteriouor wall: which tunnel, if there be several stories to the building, is carried
up through all of them.
Into this tunnel is inserted, under each Cell, the bottom
of an earthen pipe, like those applied in England to the tops of chimneys, glazed
in the inside. The upper end, opening into the Cell, is covered by a seat of cast
iron, bedded into the brick-work; with an aperture, which, neither by its size
nor shape, shall be capable of admitting the body of a man. To gain the tunnel
from the inside of the cell, the position of this pipe will of course be slanting.
At the bottom of the tunnel, on the outside of the building, an arched opening,
so
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